Evaluating Alcoholic Beverage Regulations in Indonesia through the Perspectives of Siyasah Shar‘iyyah and Legal Philosophy

Rini Novita, Qori Rizqiah H Kalingga, Fitriani F, Edi Kristianta Tarigan, Hengki Syahyunan, Ismed Batubara

Abstract


This article assesses whether Indonesia’s regulation of alcoholic beverages can be justified as public-interest governance in a plural society when evaluated against Islamic legal principles (siyasah shar’iyyah and maqasid al-shari’ah) and legal philosophy. Using normative legal research with statutory, historical, conceptual, and philosophical approaches, it examines Presidential Regulation 74/2013, the 2023 Criminal Code (Law 1/2023), excise policy, halal product assurance (Law 33/2014), and regional regulations through a three-part qualitative test: policy purpose, legal character, and source of legitimacy. The findings show a structural tension between the Islamic prohibition of khamr, whose ratio legis is intoxication, and a state framework that treats alcoholic beverages as controlled commodities classified by ethanol content. The tension is instrument-specific. Criminal provisions on public intoxication and on supplying minors, and excise as a price-based control, can serve legitimate protective purposes, whereas the dual framing of excise as control and revenue, the information-only role of halal labelling, and uneven enforcement against illicit and adulterated liquor leave open questions. The article recommends evidence-based controls, earmarked and transparently evaluated excise, consistent age and location restrictions, and safeguards for religious freedom without disproportionate criminalisation. The findings are normative and require empirical testing.


Keywords


alcoholic beverages; khamr; siyasah shar’iyyah; legal pluralism; excise

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23633051

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